The complex guaranítico understands to a great number of towns that are identified by its language and certain common cultural features. Probably of amazon origin, the complex guaranítico expanded from the Caribbean to the region pampeana, and from the Atlantic until the buttresses cordilleranos of the Andes. It can be divided generically in three groups: the caribeses that occupied the north of the Antilles; you obstruct them that the center and southeast of the Brazil and the Guarani occupied that occupied the Brazilian south, this and southeast of the Paraguay and part of the Argentinean coast, including the Argentinean province of Misiones. They entered in the missionary region in form of alluviums from the year 1000. The irruption of the Guarani in the area implied, in some cases, the mandatory displacement, and in other, the acculturation, of groups that were already established, as the kaingangs and guayanás. While the Guarani settled in the area of fields and to the riverbanks of the rivers, and streams, the subdued groups moved toward the wild areas, when they didn't succumb in the face of the violence of the irruptions. In fact, to the arrival of the first European conquerors to the region, in the XVI century, the phenomenon still maintained all its dynamics. They were payees in organizational, productive and technological ways that located them in a position of power and cultural domain in the whole misionera region. This cultural line partly is defined by the ceramic industry, with its peculiar ones technical, ornamentation, engravings and functionality. The use of the ibirá-cuá, a stick with tip that was good to make the hole for the seed, constituted from its implementation an entire revolution in the environment of the horticulture.
Los Guaranies or avá-as themselves they were denominated-they defined and they characterized a singular geographical space culturally to its entrance in the misonera region, following the courses of the rivers Paraguay, Paraná and Uruguay. The region didn't constitute in that moment an empty space. Several towns, of uncertain origin, payees of a culture protoneolítica, manufacturers of barrows and petroglifos engravers whose vestiges today they persist as enigmatic testimonies, they succumbed before the imposing presence of the Guarani. The dramatic images of those fights for the domain of the space were buried in the time. The result was the definition of a new human geography for the misionera region, those found the first conquerors and Spanish settlers and Portuguese. The landscape was busy with the successive installation of villages or tavá. These villages that we will describe then, pointed out the real occupation of the earth in front of the other groups non Guarani that went away more and more toward the interior of the forest or the mount. Guarani preferred, for the installation of its villages, the lands located on the riversides of the big rivers, streams and lagoons of the region. They were the most favorable places for the fishing and the hunt, for the gathering of the ñai'ú or clay for the ceramic, and fundamentally for the use of the fertile layer of humus in the horticultural works, while the near mount offered its fruits wild and abundant wood. Guarani knew and it visualized with clarity its geographical habitat, felt part of him. Their own language identified with all lucidity, with own names, rivers, streams, lagoons, hills, mounts, significant places and others of mythological order. The village or installed tavá, for example next to the lagoon of the Iberá, it didn't constitute an isolated populational fact. Just the opposite. It was it leaves of an great net intercommunicated by roads or cover. In this environment the relationships settled down for the relationship, or for incidental alliances of offensive or defensive character. Guarani knew the existence of those hunter-recolectores that wandered in lathe of its geographical environment, knew about the existence of the Inca empire and of its characteristics, and it had arrived inclusive until its frontiers. Neither was escaped the knowledge of the existence of the ocean Atlantic. The Guarani geography was rationally a space administered. In him the man and the nature were conjugated in a harmonious balance. This was felt this way by Guarani. What was outside of that geography became the “earth of the other one”, of non Guarani.